3.2.7 Elementary Transcendental Functions
| Exp[z] | exponential function  | | Log[z] | logarithm  | | Log[b, z] | logarithm  to base  |
Sin[z], Cos[z], Tan[z], Csc[z], Sec[z], Cot[z]
| | trigonometric functions (with arguments in radians) |
ArcSin[z], ArcCos[z], ArcTan[z], ArcCsc[z], ArcSec[z], ArcCot[z]
| | inverse trigonometric functions (giving results in radians) | | ArcTan[x, y] | the argument of  |
Sinh[z], Cosh[z], Tanh[z], Csch[z], Sech[z], Coth[z]
| | hyperbolic functions |
ArcSinh[z], ArcCosh[z], ArcTanh[z], ArcCsch[z], ArcSech[z], ArcCoth[z]
| | inverse hyperbolic functions |
Elementary transcendental functions.Mathematica gives exact results for logarithms whenever it can. Here is  . | |
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| You can find the numerical values of mathematical functions to any precision. | |
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| This gives a complex number result. | |
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| Mathematica can evaluate logarithms with complex arguments. | |
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N[ Log[2 + 8 I] ]
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| The arguments of trigonometric functions are always given in radians. | |
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| You can convert from degrees by explicitly multiplying by the constant Degree. | |
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N[ Sin[30 Degree] ]
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| Here is a plot of the hyperbolic tangent function. It has a characteristic "sigmoidal" form. | |
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Plot[ Tanh[x], {x, -8, 8} ]
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There are a number of additional trigonometric and hyperbolic functions that are sometimes used. The versine function is defined as  . The haversine is simply  . The complex exponential  is sometimes written as  . The gudermannian function is defined as  . The inverse gudermannian is  . The gudermannian satisfies such relations as  .
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